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Glossary · Pipe geometry

Economic Velocity

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Pipe flow velocity that results in the minimum total cost of building and operating a particular piping system.

FluidFlow uses the Generaux equation to calculate economic velocity. This calculation requires not only process conditions, fluid properties, and pipe system details, but also considers installation costs, maintenance expenses, depreciation, energy costs, booster efficiency, and tax implications.

V = \frac{4}{\pi D^2} \cdot K^{1/(2.84)}
K = \frac{D^{(4.84+n)} \cdot nXE(1+F)[Z+(a+b)(1-\phi)]}{(1+\frac{0.794L_e’}{D})(0.000189YK\rho^{0.84}\mu^{0.16})[(1+M)(1-\phi)+\frac{ZM}{(a’+b’)}]}
M= (a^′+b^′)(E∙P)/((17.9 K∙Y) )
n= (Log C-Log X)/(Log D)

Where:

aFractional annual depreciation on pipeline, dimensionless
bFractional annual maintenance on pipeline, dimensionless
a’Fractional annual depreciation on pumping installation, dimensionless
b’Fractional annual maintenance on installation, dimensionless
CInstalled cost of pipeline including fittings, $ / feet
DInside pipe diameter, feet
ECombined fraction efficiency of pump and motor, dimensionless
FFactor for installation and fitting, dimensionless
KEnergy cost delivered to the motor, $ / kWhr
Le’Factor for friction in fitting, equivalent length in pipe diameter per length of pipe, 1 / feet
MFactor to express cost of piping installation in terms of yearly cost of power delivered to the fluid, dimensionless
nExponent in pipe-cost equation, dimensionless
PInstallation cost of pump and motor, $ /hp
QFluidFlow, ft3/s
SCross sectional area, ft2
VVelocity, feet / sec
XCost of 1 ft of 1 ft diameter pipe, $
YOperating days
ZFractional rate of return of incremental investment, dimensionless
ΦFactor for taxes and other expenses, dimensionless
ρFlow density, pounds/ ft3
µFluid Viscosity, cP

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